Cannabis Toxicity In Pets
The legalization of marijuana has led to increased reports of toxicity in both dogs & cats.
Most pet exposure to marijuana occurs after eating homemade baked goods containing the dried plants, followed by eating the plant itself (in any form).
The smallest amount of marijuana that can cause toxicity in a dog is difficult to determine because the potency of marijuana varies widely. BUT, even a small amount of cannabis is all it could take to cause toxicity in dogs.
The amount that is necessary to cause death in a cat or dog has not been determined.
Cannabis plants have over 100 different chemicals called phytocannabinoids, the most well-known of these is THC. THC causes a high feeling and is responsible for toxicity in dogs.
Products containing THC are more likely to cause clinical signs of toxicity than products containing CBD alone, which have not been associated with significant toxicity or side effects in dogs.
The time it takes to see signs & the severity of clinical signs depends on the dog’s size, sensitivity, and how much THC they ingested. Signs can appear as early as 30 minutes to several hours after exposure.
Common clinical signs of marijuana toxicity include:
• loss of urination control (leaky bladder)
• lethargy or depression
• difficulty walking or standing
• increased sensitivity to motion, sound or touch
• salivating (drooling)
• Poor muscle control (ataxia)
Higher concentrations of THC exposure may cause:
• vocalization, including whining & crying
• agitation, aggression
• trouble regulating body temperature
• altered blood pressure
• slow breathing rate
• tremors or seizures
• Coma
There is no specific antidote for marijuana toxicity, but treatments can be given to help control the clinical signs. This might include I.V. fluids, drugs to control vomiting, and in severe cases, antiseizure medications.
It is important that your veterinarian be given any and all information on drug exposure to help with identifying the cause of your pets’ clinical signs. Bringing the actual product your pet was exposed to can help. There is no risk to you as the owner. Your veterinarian is not required to report toxicity to law enforcement.
